End-Use System Mapping

Batteries & Energy Storage

Lithium-ion battery cells, cathode precursors, synthetic anodes, solid-state electrolytes, and flow batteries.

Critical Mineral Dependencies

Synthetic and natural graphite constitute more than 90% of the anode material mass in EV lithium-ion batteries.

Key Strategic Commodities

Trace how materials in Batteries & Energy Storage move from extraction through refining and end-use manufacturing.